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Here’s some general guidance to help you decide which debts to focus on first.
Your situation matters—like if you're being sued or already have a court judgment. That can change what’s most urgent.
This isn’t personal advice, but it’s a helpful starting point. Click “Learn More” to see details for each debt.
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⚠️You indicated one of your debts was caused by identity theft.
Identity theft must be dealt with immediately. We have special resources on the steps you need to take if your debt is the result of identity theft. You can also visit Illinois Legal Aid Online to learn more about dealing with identity theft.
⚠️You indicated one of your debts is in court.
If there’s an active case against you, the judge could decide you owe the money. This is called a judgment. Once there’s a judgment, the creditor can ask the court to take money from your paycheck, your bank account, or other property.
Need more help? A financial counselor can help you figure out what debt to start with first.
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Civil judgment
If you have been sued and you lose your case, the court will enter a judgment against you. If you do not show up for a court hearing, the court may also enter a judgment against you.
Criminal judgment
If you have been convicted of a criminal, juvenile, traffic offense or civil infraction, you may be required to pay court fines and fees.
Child or spousal support
Child support or spousal support debt refers to money owed by a person who has been ordered by a court to provide financial support for their child or former spouse. This typically happens after a divorce or separation. If the person doesn’t pay as required, the unpaid amounts, called "arrears," can become a legal debt. Courts may take steps to collect this debt, such as garnishing wages, withholding tax refunds, or placing liens on property. It’s important to meet these obligations to avoid legal penalties and ensure the well-being of the people who rely on the support.
Rent on current home
Rental debt on the home where you currently live. This may include other costs and fees.
Utilities
Utilities for your home, including but not limited to Water, Gas, Electric, Sewer, Trash Removal, or a landline phone.
Auto loan or lease
Auto loan or lease debt refers to money owed for a car that someone financed or leased. If you take out a loan to buy a car, you agree to make regular payments to pay it off. With a lease, you pay to use the car for a certain period but don’t own it. If you miss payments, the lender or leasing company can take back the car, or repossess it. Any remaining unpaid amount may still be your responsibility, which is called a deficiency.
Income tax
Income tax debt is money you owe to the government if you didn’t pay enough income taxes.
Active lawsuit
An active debt lawsuit means you are currently being sued in court by a creditor to collect a debt.
Federal student loan
Federal student loan debt is money borrowed from the government to pay for education. If you don’t make payments as required, the debt can go into default, leading to serious consequences like wage garnishment, tax refund withholding, or added fees. It’s important to stay in contact with your loan servicer to explore repayment options and avoid default. Check out this resource if you need help getting information about your student loan.
Mortgage
Mortgage debt is money borrowed to buy a home or property, typically repaid through monthly payments over a set period. The loan is secured by the property, meaning the lender has a claim on the home until the debt is fully paid. This can include:
- Home Equity Loans,
- Home Equity Lines of Credit,
- Construction Loans,
- FHA and USDA Loans, or
- Amounts due for payments made by your mortgage company to pay for homeowner's or hazard insurance, or for property taxes
Property tax
Property or real estate taxes are annual taxes imposed by local governments on real property, such as land and buildings. The amount is based on the property’s assessed value and the local tax rate.
Association fees
Condo homeowner association (HOA) debt is money owed to a condominium or homeowners’ association for fees or assessments. These payments cover shared expenses like maintenance, utilities, and amenities within the community.
Insurance
Insurance debt refers to unpaid premiums or amounts owed for an insurance policy.
- Auto insurance: Debt arises if you owe premiums for coverage on your vehicle.
- Medical insurance: Debt may result from unpaid premiums or costs not fully covered by your health plan.
- Homeowner’s insurance: Debt occurs if premiums for protecting your home and belongings are unpaid.
These debts relate to maintaining the policies that provide financial protection in case of unexpected events.
Payday loan
Payday loan debt is money borrowed through a short-term, high-interest loan, typically meant to be repaid by your next paycheck. Borrowers often provide a post-dated check or authorize an electronic withdrawal for the loan amount plus fees, which the lender can cash on the repayment date.
Credit card
Credit card debt is the balance owed on a credit card after making purchases, cash advances, or balance transfers. It accrues interest if not paid in full by the due date, and minimum monthly payments are required to keep the account in good standing. This debt is often sold to a company called a debt buyer that will try to collect the debt.
Medical
Medical debt comes from healthcare bills that you owe to the company or person that provided you with medical care.
Medical credit cards are for healthcare costs and may offer deferred interest. To avoid interest, you must pay the full balance within the promotional period. If not, interest is charged retroactively on the entire amount.
If you put medical bills on a regular credit card, that changes it to credit card debt and it is no longer legally considered medical debt.
Auto loan or lease deficiency
An auto loan deficiency debt occurs when a car is repossessed, and the sale of the vehicle doesn’t cover the remaining loan balance. The difference between what you owe and the sale amount is the deficiency. You are responsible for paying this remaining debt, along with any fees related to the repossession and sale.
Rent on former home
Rent debt from a former home is unpaid rent owed to a landlord after you move out. This debt can include missed rent payments, late fees, and other charges outlined in the lease agreement, such as damages or cleaning costs.
Cell phone or internet
Cell phone or internet debt is unpaid charges for services provided by your phone or internet company. This can include overdue monthly bills, early termination fees, or charges for equipment like modems or phones not returned as required by the service agreement.
Buy now pay later
Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) debt is money owed for purchases made using a payment plan that allows you to split the cost into smaller installments. These plans are typically interest-free if payments are made on time, but missed payments can lead to fees or added interest, depending on the terms of the agreement. These loans are regulated like credit cards.
Personal loan
Personal loan debt from friends or family is money borrowed informally from someone you know, rather than through a bank or financial institution. These loans often don’t have formal contracts, interest, or set repayment schedules.
Private student loan
Private student loan debt is money borrowed from a private lender, like a bank or credit union, to pay for education.
Bank loan
Secured bank loan debt is money borrowed from a bank with
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Civil judgment debt allows the creditor to immediately collect through wage garnishment, bank levies, and property liens. It stays enforceable for many years and affects credit.
A judgment allows a creditor to quickly take your property through court processes. The most common ways to collect on a judgment are to:
Criminal judgment debt is high priority due to serious risks like arrest warrants, jail time for nonpayment of certain fines, license suspension, and aggressive collection enforcement.
If you have unpaid court fines and fees, the court can immediately:
- Take your income or assets, including your tax refund,
- Keep you on probation or parole until you repay the fines and fees,
- Take away your driver’s license for unpaid fines and fees related to traffic offenses, and
- Put you in jail if you willfully refuse to pay or do not appear at a court hearing.
Criminal judgments
Child and spousal support debt is usually high priority. It allows the government or the other party to immediately collect through wage garnishment, tax refund interception, license suspension, and even jail time.
If you fall behind on your child support or spousal support payments, the court can:
- Take up to 60% of your wages
- Put a lien on your property
- Take your tax refund
If you refuse to pay without a valid reason, you could be found in contempt of court. This could lead to fines, penalties, and even jail time. If you fall significantly behind on your child support payments, you may be charged with a crime. This can lead to imprisonment, additional fines and fees, and loss of your driver’s license.
Child or spousal support
Rent debt on your current home is high priority because nonpayment can quickly lead to eviction, loss of housing, and court judgments.
Rent debt on a current home is considered high priority because landlords can file for eviction quickly after missed payments. Court proceedings may move fast, and tenants risk losing their housing. A judgment for unpaid rent can also affect credit and future rental opportunities, making it harder to secure housing later.
Rent on current home
Utility debt is high priority because nonpayment can lead to shutoffs including electricity, gas, and water. You can also be sued for a money judgment.
Utility debt is considered high priority because failure to pay can result in disconnection of essential services such as electricity, gas, and water. Shutoffs can occur quickly. Reconnection may require payment of the full balance and fees.
Utilities
Auto loan debt can be high priority if you need your car. It can be repossessed after missing only a few payments. You can also be sued later for any remaning balance.
Auto loan debt is high priority because missing payments can lead to repossession of the vehicle. Repossession can happen without notice and may leave the borrower without transportation needed for work or daily life. After repossession, the lender may still sue for any remaining balance, known as a deficiency judgment.
Auto loans or leases
Income tax debt is usually high priority, because the government can take immediate steps to collect it, such as garnishing wages, seizing assets, or placing liens on property.
If income tax debt isn’t paid, the government can take immediate steps to collect it, such as garnishing wages, seizing assets, or placing liens on property. It’s important to address tax debt quickly to avoid penalties and additional interest charges.
If you do not pay your income taxes, the government can immediately:
- Take money from your bank account,
- Take part of your wages,
- Take federal benefits,
- Potentially take your home, or
- Take your personal property, like a car.
You can request a delay in paying your taxes or work out a payment plan, but do not ignore this debt.
Income taxes
An active debt lawsuit means you are currently being sued in court by a creditor to collect a debt.
If there is an active case against you, you may be at risk of having a judgment entered against you. If a judgment is entered against you, a creditor can start the process to take your property.
Active lawsuits
Federal student loan debt is high priority because the government can collect without a court order, garnish wages, take tax refunds, and rarely allows discharge in bankruptcy.
If you are over 9 months behind in paying your federal student loans, the government can:
- Take your tax refund
- Take part of your wages or take your federal benefits, including social security
Check out this resource if you need help getting information about your student loan.
You typically cannot get rid of federal student loans through bankruptcy. But you have options to delay or reduce your student loan payments to make them more affordable. It is important to address repayment problems as early as possible.
Federal student loans
Mortgage payments can be high priority. Missed payments can lead to a foreclosure lawsuit, resulting in the loss of your home and damage to your credit.
Mortgages are secured by your house. If you fall more than a couple of months behind on your mortgage payment, the lender may foreclose on your house, which means taking your house and selling it to repay the loan.
To start the foreclosure process, the bank or lender needs to file a lawsuit, and it will take time for the case to work its way through the courts.
Home equity loans, second mortgages, and home equity lines of credit are secured by the equity in your home.
Mortgages
Unpaid property taxes can become a high priority. Missed payments can lead to a tax sale or loss of your home, with serious long-term financial and housing consequences.
Falling behind on property taxes can lead to:
- The amount owed increasing, due to interest, fees, and penalties,
- A lien put on your property, or
- Potential loss of your home
Note: Some mortgage lenders add an escrow amount to your monthly mortgage to cover your property taxes. If you’re not sure how property tax payments work for your mortgage, contact your mortgage company.
Property taxes
Unpaid association dues can become a high priority if not resolved. The association can seek to evict you, place liens, and start foreclosure proceedings even for relatively small amounts owed.
Your homeowner or condo association can evict you in a quick process if you fall behind, and they can charge you for their attorney’s fees as well.
Homeowner association debt can be a high priority because associations can place a lien on your property and may initiate foreclosure, even if the amount owed is relatively small. Additional fees, interest, and attorney costs can quickly increase the total debt. Losing your home over unpaid dues is a real and serious risk.
Association fees
Lapsed insurance payments can be a high priority. You may be liable for damages while driving, medical treatment, or damage to your home, and you may be sued for the debt.
If you do not have liability auto insurance:
- You risk being responsible for any damage you cause while driving,
- Penalties of $500 or more, and
- Having your license plate registration suspended, and potentially losing your driver’s license.
If you do not have medical insurance:
- You risk being fully financially responsible for any medical expenses for you and your family.
- This includes emergency care expenses.
- Though you cannot be denied emergency medical services for not having medical insurance.
If you let your homeowner insurance lapse:
- You risk bearing the full costs of damages to the home.
- Your mortgage lender may purchase expensive homeowner insurance on your behalf and pass on the costs to you.
Insurance
Payday loan debt has lower immediate risk but can become high priority, because of high fees and aggressive collection. A lawsuit and judgment can occur, leading to wage garnishment or bank levies.
Payday loans are short-term loans with very high interest rates or fees. They are secured by a post-dated check or an authorized withdrawal from your bank account. If you do not have enough money in your bank account you may be subject to overdraft and non-sufficient fund fees from your bank.
Payday loan debt typically doesn’t lead to immediate legal action, but lenders often use aggressive collection tactics and charge very high fees, making balances grow quickly. If unpaid, the lender may sue and get a judgment, allowing wage or bank garnishment. The debt can spiral fast despite starting as a small loan.
Payday loans
Credit card debt is typically low priority. It accrues interest and late fees, and the debt can be sold to a debt buyer. You may be sued on the debt, making it a higher priority.
- Credit card debt can grow quickly due to interest and late fees.
- Credit cards often have higher interest rates than bank loans or medical debt.
- Credit card companies cannot take your property unless they sue you and a court rules against you.
- If your credit card has deferred interest, consider paying it off first during the deferred interest period.
- Deferred interest is sometimes offered on medical or store credit cards as a promotion, but it’s different from a 0% APR (annual percentage rate) offer.
- With deferred interest, you must pay off the full balance within the set time period to avoid interest. If you have any unpaid balance at the end of that period, the company will charge interest on the entire amount from the start of the loan.
- If you’re unsure whether your credit card has deferred interest or when you need to pay it off, contact your credit card company for clarification.
Credit cards
Medical debt can be high priority if you still have time to apply for charity care or a payment plan, usually within 8 months. If you don't pay medical debt you may have to pay more interest and fees, and you can be sued on the debt.
⚠️You may qualify for charity care or a payment plan. There is an 8 month time limit to apply for charity care. Call your medical provider to apply right away.
- You cannot be denied emergency services for having unpaid medical debt.
- You may not be able to see your doctor for non-emergency services
- Do not put medical debt on a credit card. If you do, it changes it legally to credit card debt. Medical debt typically has lower interest rates than credit card debt.
- You may qualify for charity care or a payment plan. We can help you understand the process and guide you to resources to help you.
Medical bills
Auto loan deficiency debt is low priority, but it can lead to a lawsuit and judgment after repossession, with risks like wage garnishment and credit damage, even though the car is already gone.
If your car was repossessed but you still owe money on the loan or lease, they may send it to collections and will need to sue you for the debt in order to enforce it. This could add extra costs, like court costs and other fees.
Once a creditor gets a judgment, they can garnish wages, freeze bank accounts, place liens on property, and report the debt to credit bureaus.
Auto loans or lease deficiencies
Rent debt from a former home is usually low priority, but it can eventually lead to a lawsuit and court judgment, resulting in wage garnishment, credit harm, and barriers to renting future housing.
When rent from a former home goes unpaid, landlords may sue for the amount owed. If they win a judgment, they can garnish wages or freeze bank accounts. Judgments for rent debt can severely damage credit and make it difficult to qualify for future housing, especially with private landlords or management companies.
Rent on former home
Unpaid cell phone or internet bills are low priority but can lead to a lawsuit and eventual court judgment, allowing creditors to garnish wages, freeze bank accounts, and damage your credit report.
If you fall behind on these bills, your services can be turned off. This could impact your ability to work or communicate with your family and friends.
If cell phone or internet debt remains unpaid, the provider or a debt collector may sue. A court judgment allows them to garnish wages or bank accounts. While the risk isn’t immediate, a judgment can appear on credit reports and affect access to future services or financing options like phone payment plans.
Cell phone or internet bills
Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) debt is low priority, but it can lead to a lawsuit and judgment, resulting in wage garnishment, frozen bank accounts, and negative credit consequences.
These are short-term installment loans. Many do not charge interest, but if you miss a payment:
- You may be assessed late fees
- If you signed up for automatic payments from your bank account or debt card, your bank may charge you overdraft fees if you do not have enough money to make the installment payment.
- BNPL providers may sue if payments are missed and the debt goes unpaid. Once they get a judgment, they can garnish wages, freeze bank accounts, and harm your credit. Although BNPL debt often starts small, it can grow quickly with fees and lead to serious collection consequences similar to credit card debt.
Buy now pay later
Unpaid personal loans from friends or neighbors are low priority, but can still lead to lawsuits. A court judgment would allow wage garnishment, bank account freezes, and liens to be placed on your property.
If you are having trouble affording loan repayments to a friend or family member, you may be able to more easily work out a different payment plan than with a bank. If you miss payments on a personal loan, the lender may be able to sue you for the remaining amount owed, plus interest, fees, and costs.
If the lender sues and wins a judgment, they can use the same legal tools as institutions—like garnishing wages or seizing funds from bank accounts. Personal relationships don’t change the seriousness of a judgment.
Personal loans
Unpaid private student loans are usually low priority, but can lead to a lawsuit and judgment. A judgment allows creditors to garnish wages, seize bank funds, and obtain a lein on your property.
Private student loans are taken out from a bank or other private lender.
- Private student loans typically have a lower interest rate than credit card debt
- If private student loans go unpaid, the lender can sue to collect.
- After winning a judgment, they may garnish wages or freeze bank accounts.
- Private student loans are more difficult to discharge in bankruptcy than regular loans or credit card debt
Check out this resource if you need help getting information about your student loan.
Private student loans
Unpaid bank loans are typically low priority, but they can result in a lawsuit and judgment. This can lead to wage garnishment, bank account freezes, and negative credit impacts that affect future borrowing.
If you miss payments on a secured bank loan, then the lender can take the property used to secure the loan and sell it to repay the loan.
When a bank loan goes unpaid, the lender may sue to recover the balance. If a judgment is entered, they can garnish wages, levy bank accounts, and report the debt to credit bureaus. Even personal loans from local banks or credit unions carry the same legal and financial risks once in court.
Bank loans
Retail loans are typically low priority, but lenders can usually try to repossess the property used to secure the loan and sell it.. It can also lead to a lawsuit and judgment, resulting in wage garnishment, frozen accounts, and damaged credit.
Secured loans require you to use your property as
Your case was filed in [courthouse]. If you have questions about your case, you can call the clerk’s office at (847) 695-3750. The clerk can help you find out your court date and get court documents. They cannot give you legal advice. You can also call or text Illinois Court Help for additional information about your case.
Your case was filed in [courthouse]. If you have questions about your case, you can call the clerk’s office at (630) 553-4208. The clerk can help you find out your court date, get court documents, and explain how to take part in the hearing. They cannot give you legal advice. You can also call or text Illinois Court Help at (833) 411-1121for additional information about your case.
Based on what you shared, [creditor] has contacted you and claims that you owe it an unpaid debt.
Take control when a creditor contacts you. Conozca la deuda, infórmese de sus derechos y decida qué medida tomar.
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You may be eligible to get help from a legal aid lawyer.
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If you have low or moderate income, you may be eligible to get help from a lawyer in your area.
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If you have low or moderate income, you may be eligible to meet with a lawyer to receive free advice.
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If you have low or moderate income, you may be eligible to meet with a lawyer to receive free advice.
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If you have low or moderate income, you may be eligible to meet with a lawyer to receive free advice.
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Find a no-cost or low-cost financial counselor to review your finances and make a plan that works for you.
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Financial assistance can reduce or even erase your medical bills. Dollar For is a non-profit that helps people apply for financial assistance for free.
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Your case was filed in Appellate Court - 2nd District. If you have questions about your case, you can call the clerk’s office at (847) 695-3750. The clerk can help you find out your court date and get court documents. They cannot give you legal advice. You can also call or text Illinois Court Help at (833) 411-1121 for additional information about your case.
Your case was filed in Kendall County Courthouse. If you have questions about your case, you can call the clerk’s office at (630) 553-4208. The clerk can help you find out your court date, get court documents, and explain how to take part in the hearing. They cannot give you legal advice. You can also call or text Illinois Court Help at (833) 411-1121 for additional information about your case.